O cetoprofeno como oportunidade terapêutica no estresse oxidativo: uma revisão / Ketoprofen as a therapeutic opportunity in oxidative stress: a review

O cetoprofeno é um anti-inflamatório não esteroidal, antipirético e analgésico amplamente utilizado na prática clínica para o tratamento de artrite reumatóide e outras doenças inflamatórias. Seu mecanismo de ação está baseado na inibição não seletiva da COX, porém esta inibição também promove alguns efeitos adversos. Diferentes pesquisas demonstram que o estresse oxidativo pode estar relacionado com o aparecimento dos efeitos adversos provocados pelo cetoprofeno. Em contrapartida, diversos estudos apontam a participação do estresse oxidativo no ambiente inflamatório. Portanto, tornou-se promissor o estudo da relação entre o cetoprofeno, a inflamação e o estresse oxidativo. Diante deste fato, o objetivo deste trabalho é revisar a literatura a fim de reunir informações sobre a ação do cetoprofeno diante do estresse oxidativo, presente no processo inflamatório, e o aparecimento dos efeitos adversos provocados pelo uso deste fármaco.(AU)

The ketoprofen is a non steroidal anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic widely used in clinical practice for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory diseases. Its mechanism of action is based on non-selective COX inhibition, but this inhibition also leads to some adverse effects. Different researches have shown that oxidative stress may be associated with the onset of adverse effects caused by ketoprofen. On the other hand, several studies point to the involvement of oxidative stress in the inflammatory environment. Therefore, it has become promising study the relationship between the ketoprofen, inflammation and oxidative stress. Considering this fact, the aim of this paper is to review the literature in order to gather information on the effect of ketoprofen on the oxidative stress present in the inflammatory process, and the appearance of adverse effects of using this drug.(AU)

Identidade do homem resiliente no contexto de adoecer por câncer de próstata: uma perspectiva cultural / Identity of the resilient man in the context of ill with prostate cancer: a cultural perspective / Identidad del hombre resiliente en el contexto al enfermar por cáncer de próstata: una perspectiva cultural

O estudo objetivou conhecer o contexto do homem resiliente ao adoecer por câncer de próstata. Trata-se de um estudo de caso etnográfico realizado com dois homens sobreviventes ao câncer de próstata, com alto grau de resiliência. Os dados foram coletados no domicílio, no período de abril e maio de 2012, por meio da entrevista semiestruturada em profundidade, de observação participante e do ecomapa. Pela análise dos dados construíram-se duas unidades de sentido: "Identidade do homem resiliente: contextualizando os informantes" e "O homem resiliente descobrindo-se doente". Apreende-se que a identidade de ser homem resiliente, para estes informantes, foi marcada pela diferença histórica e cultural que permeou as suas ações, no processo de adoecimento por câncer de próstata. Considera-se importante que os enfermeiros atentem para os aspectos culturais da saúde do homem, para que este possa sentir-se parte integrante do processo de cura, tornando-se sujeito ativo frente à própria saúde.

The study aimed to understand the context of resilient man when ill with prostate cancer. This is an ethnographic case study conducted with two prostate cancer survival men with a high degree of resilience. The data was collected on their places, in 2012 April and May, using semi-structured in-depth interviews, participant observation and ecomap. For the data analysis, it was built two units of meaning: "Identity of the resilient man: contextualizing the informants" and "The resilient man finding himself ill". It was noticed that the identity of being a resilient man, to these informants, was marked by historical and cultural difference which permeated their actions in the process of being ill with prostate cancer. It is important that nurses pay attention to the cultural aspects of human health, so that they can feel part of the healing process, becoming an active subject facing their own health.

El estudio enfocó conocer el contexto del hombre resiliente al enfermar por cáncer de próstata. Se trata de un estudio de caso etnográfico realizado con dos hombres sobrevivientes al cáncer de próstata con alto grado de resiliencia. Los datos fueron recogidos en el domicilio, en el período de abril y mayo de 2012, por medio de entrevista semiestructurada en profundidad, observación participante y ecomapa. Por el análisis de los datos, se construyeron dos unidades de sentido: "Identidad del hombre resiliente: contextualizando a los informantes" y "El hombre resiliente descubriéndose enfermo". Se comprende que la identidad de ser hombre resiliente, para estos informantes, fue marcada por la diferencia histórica y cultural que hicieron permeables sus acciones en el proceso de enfermar por cáncer de próstata. Se considera importante que los enfermeros estén atentos a los aspectos culturales de la salud del hombre, para que este se pueda sentir parte integrante del proceso de cura, tornándose sujeto activo frente a la propia salud.

A randomized, double blind comparison of pethidine and ketoprofen as adjuvants for lignocaine in intravenous regional anaesthesia / Estudo comparativo, randômico e duplo-cego de petidina e cetoprofeno como adjuvantes de lidocaína em anestesia regional intravenosa / Estudio comparativo, aleatorizado y doble ciego, de la petidina y del ketoprofeno como adyuvantes de la lidocaína en la anestesia regional intravenosa

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A review of all the adjuncts for intravenous regional anaesthesia concluded that there is good evidence to recommend NonSteroidal Anti-Inflammatory agents and pethidine in the dose of 30 mg dose as adjuncts to intravenous regional anaesthesia. But there are no studies to compare pethidine of 30 mg dose to any of the NonSteroidal Anti-Inflammatory agents. METHODS: In a prospective, randomized, double blind study, 45 patients were given intravenous regional anaesthesia with either lignocaine alone or lignocaine with pethidine 30 mg or lignocaine with ketprofen 100 mg. Fentanyl was used as rescue analgesic during surgery. For the first 6 h of postoperative period analgesia was provided by fentanyl injection and between 6 and 24 h analgesia was provided by diclofenac tablets. Visual analogue scores for pain and consumption of fentanyl and diclofenac were compared. RESULTS: The block was inadequate for one case each in lignocaine group and pethidine group, so general anaesthesia was provided. Time for the first dose of fentanyl required for postoperative analgesia was significantly more in pethidine and ketoprofen groups compared to lignocaine group (156.7 ± 148.8 and 153.0 ± 106.0 vs. 52.1 ± 52.4 min respectively). Total fentanyl consumption in first 6 h of postoperative period was less in pethidine and ketoprofen groups compared to lignocaine group (37.5 ± 29.0 mcg, 38.3 ± 20.8 mcg vs. 64.2 ± 27.2 mcg respectively). Consumption of diclofenac tablets was 2.4 ± 0.7, 2.5 ± 0.5 and 2.0 ± 0.7 in the control, pethidine and ketoprofen group respectively, which was statistically not significant. Side effects were not significantly different between the groups. CONCLUSION: Both pethidine and ketoprofen are equally effective in providing postoperative analgesia up to 6 h, without significant difference in the side effects and none of the adjuncts provide significant ...

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: uma revisão de todos os adjuvantes para anestesia regional intravenosa concluiu que há boas evidências para recomendar os agentes anti-inflamatórios não esteroides e petidina em dose de 30 mg como adjuvantes para anestesia regional intravenosa. Porém, não há estudos que comparem petidina (30 mg) com quaisquer dos agentes anti-inflamatórios não esteroides. MÉTODOS: em um estudo prospectivo, randômico e duplo-cego, 45 pacientes receberam anestesia regional intravenosa com apenas lidocaína ou lidocaína com petidina (30 mg) ou lidocaína com cetoprofeno (100 mg). Fentanil foi usado como analgésico de resgate durante a cirurgia. Durante as seis primeiras horas de pós-operatório, analgesia foi fornecida via injeção de fentanil e, entre seis e 24 horas, analgesia foi fornecida via comprimidos de diclofenaco. Os escores visuais analógicos para dor e do consumo de fentanil e diclofenaco foram comparados. RESULTADOS: o bloqueio foi inadequado para um caso tanto do grupo lidocaína quanto do grupo petidina; portanto, anestesia geral foi administrada. O tempo para a primeira dose necessária de fentanil para analgesia pós-operatória foi significativamente maior nos grupos petidina e cetoprofeno em comparação com o grupo lidocaína (156,7 ± 148,8 e 153,0 ± 106,0 vs. 52,1 ± 52,4 minutos, respectivamente). O consumo total de fentanil nas primeiras seis horas de pós-operatório foi menor nos grupos petidina e cetoprofeno em comparação com o grupo lidocaína (37,5 ± 29,0 mcg, 38,3 ± 20,8 mcg vs. 64,2 ± 27,2 mcg, respectivamente). O consumo de comprimidos de diclofenaco foi de 2,4 ± 0,7, 2,5 ± 0,5 e 2,0 ± 0,7 no grupo controle, petidina e cetoprofeno, respectivamente, o que não foi estatisticamente significante. ...

JUSTIFICACIÓN Y OBJETIVOS: una revisión sobre todos los adyuvantes para la anestesia regional intravenosa concluyó que hay buenas evidencias para recomendar los agentes antiinflamatorios no esteroideos y la petidina en dosis de 30 mg como adyuvantes para la anestesia regional intravenosa. Sin embargo, no hay estudios comparando la petidina (30 mg) con cualesquiera de los agentes antiinflamatorios no-esteroideos. MÉTODOS: en un estudio prospectivo, aleatorizado y doble ciego, 45 pacientes recibieron anestesia regional intravenosa con solamente lidocaína o lidocaína con petidina (30 mg) o lidocaína con ketoprofeno (100 mg). El fentanilo fue usado como analgésico de rescate durante la cirugía. Durante las 6 primeras horas del postoperatorio, la analgesia fue suministrada vía inyección de fentanilo y entre 6 y 24 h, la analgesia fue suministrada vía comprimidos de diclofenaco. Se compararon las puntuaciones visuales analógicas para el dolor y el consumo de fentanilo y diclofenaco. RESULTADOS: el bloqueo fue inadecuado para un caso tanto del grupo lidocaína como del grupo petidina; por tanto, se administró anestesia general. El tiempo para la primera dosis necesaria de fentanilo para analgesia postoperatoria fue significativamente mayor en los grupos petidina y ketoprofeno en comparación con el grupo lidocaína (156,7 ± 148,8 y 153,0 ± 106,0 vs. 52,1 ± 52,4 min, respectivamente). El consumo total de fentanilo en las primeras 6 h del postoperatorio fue menor en los grupos petidina y ketoprofeno en comparación con el grupo lidocaína (37,5 ± 29,0 mcg; 38,3 ± 20,8 mcg vs. 64,2 ± 27,2 mcg, respectivamente). El consumo de comprimidos de diclofenaco fue de 2,4 ± 0,7; 2,5 ± 0,5; y 2 ± 0,7 en el grupo control, petidina y ketoprofeno, respectivamente, lo que no fue estadísticamente significativo. Los ...

Studies of ketoprofen toxicity in avian species

Certain environmental factors are very important to stabilize the wild life; avian diseases, vulture crises and ecological annoyance. This should be fixed scientifically to minimize the health hazards. Thus; we have aimed this project to evaluate effects of toxic dosage levels of Ketoprofen in broiler chickens. Two hundred and twenty five [225] healthy broiler chickens were reared upto 28 days and divided into five groups 25 birds in each group. On day 29[th] four groups were medicated twice a day at dose rate of 50 mg/kg body weight respectively intra-muscularly for four days. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. A physical examination, toxicity and mortality rate were recorded daily. Blood samples was drawn to determination the serum values of Aspartate Transaminase [AST], Alanine transaminase [ALT], Uric Acid, Alkaline phosphatase [ALP], and Creatinine. Postmortem performed on day 41 after all samples taken. In second experiment other 100 birds were divided into five groups comprising of 20 birds in each group. One of the groups was injected I/M Ketoprofen 5mg/kg twice a day. Postmortem performed after medication on 5th day. Based on the necropsy findings and biochemical analysis it was found that Ketoprofen was not safe drug in the avian species. Keeping in view the environmental problem [vultures crises] it is recommended that Ketoprofen which has good pharmacological effects in human medicine should be avoided in veterinary practice

Comparative study on the effect of long-term administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs meloxicam and ketoprofen on the structure of the kidney and gastric mucosa in the adult albino rats

Ketoprofen is a widely used drug related to the group of the traditional non selective non-steroidal anti-inflamatory drugs [NSAIDs]. Meloxicam is related to the group of the cyclooxygenase-2 [COX-2] selective inhibitors which is a newer version of NSAIDs. To demonstrate and compare the effects of long-term administration of meloxicam and ketoprofen on the structure of the kidney and gastric mucosa in the healthy adult rats. A total number of 36 adult male albino rats were used in this study. They were equally divided into three groups. Group I was considered as a control. Group II included the rats treated with ketoprofen in a dose of 1mg/kg orally once daily for 10 weeks by a gastric tube, Group III included the rats treated with meloxicam in a dose of 0.2 mg/kg orally once daily for 10 weeks via gastric tube. At the end of the experiment animals were sacrificed and specimens of the kidney and stomach were processed for light and scanning electron microscopic studies. Some kidney specimens were also processed to be studied by transmission electron microscopy. The diameter of renal corpuscles was measured in the three studied groups and statistically analyzed. In ketoprofen treated rats [group II] the renal corpuscles exhibited marked shrinkage of glomeruli. Many renal tubules appeared to be lined with damaged epithelium. Ultrastructural study of the lining cells of the proximal and distal convoluted tubules revealed that the degenerative changes involved both the nucleus and the cytoplasmic organelles. The interstitial tissue had focal areas of fibrosis. In the meloxicam treated rats [group III], there was little shrinkage of the glomeruli. However, the interstitial tissue showed heavy cellular infiltration. SEM study revealed an enlargement of the processes of the podocytes with loss of their pedicles. The gastric mucosa in group II showed an extensive damage to the surface epithelial cells in the form of ulcers while in group III there was patchy areas of epithelial destruction. This study demonstrated that long-term administration of COX-2 selective inhibitors exerted deleterious effects on the kidney comparable to those exerted by the nonselective NSAIDs. However, their damaging effect on the gastric mucosa appeared to be less than the nonselective NSAIDs but it was not abolished

Antipyretic effect of ketoprofen.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and side effect profile of ketoprofen as well as compliance with respect to the taste of the drug and compare these parameters with those of acetaminophen and ibuprofen. METHODS: A total of 301 patients between 1-14 years of age who applied to emergency rooms of three medical centers with the complaint of fever that required antipyretic therapy were included in the study. Fever was measured with the aid of a tympanic thermometer (Braun Kronberg 6014) and followed for 4-6 hours. The measurement was repeated at 30, 60, 120 minutes, and again 4-6 hours after the initial assessment. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 47.8+/-41.1 months. The patients randomly received 15 mg/kg/dose of acetaminophen (n=112 group 1), 0.5 mg/kg/dose of ketoprofen (n=105, group 2), or 10 mg/kg/dose of ibuprofen (n=84, group 3). Fever was 38.4+/-0.7 degrees C, 38.4+/-0.7 degrees C, and 38.5+/-0.5 degrees C at 30 minutes; 38.0+/-0.7 degrees C, 37.9+/-0.7 degrees C, and 38.0+/-0.6 degrees C at 60 minutes (p>0.05), 37.7+/-0.6 degrees C, 37.6+/-0.7 degrees C, and 37.7+/-0.5 degrees C at 120 minutes (p>0.05); 37.5+/-0.7 degrees C, 37.3+/-0.6 degrees C, and 37.4+/-0.6 degrees C at 4-6 hours after admission (p>0.05). The fever was significantly lower at 30, 60, and 120 minutes in all group s (p<0.05). Early vomiting after medication (<6 hours) was observed in 3.8%, 13.5%, and 9.6% whereas late vomiting (6-48 hours) occurred in 1.3%, 2.7%, and 5.8% respectively (p>0.05). Bad taste was expressed by 5.1%, 12.2%, and 5.8% early (<6 hours), and 3.9%, 8.1%, and 3.8% late (6-48 hours) (p>0.05). There were no differences between age groups for antipyretic effect, taste and adverse effect in three drugs (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: All three drugs were similar in terms of efficacy, adverse effects, and compliance within 48 hours of therapy. These results suggest that ketoprofen may be used for antipyresis as an alternative to acetaminophen and ibuprofen.

[Impact of two selected non-steroidal anti-inflammation drugs flunixin and ketoprofen on peroxynitrite-induced inflammation and serum levels of cortisol and glucose]

Peroxynitrite, produced naturally in the body from a reaction between nitric oxide and superoxide anion, possess destructive effects against microorganisms. In excess concentrations, however, it may also lead to cellular damage and inflammatory reactions in the host. Non - sterodial anti inflammation drugs [NSAIDs] are used widely in therapy for their antiinflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties. Meanwhile, their adverse effects on endocrine functions should be taken into account. This project aims at the following goals: 1] establishing a new animal model of peroxynitrite-induced inflammation, 2] studying the effect of two selected NSAIDs on these parameters.3] investigating the possible effect of this oxidant on the blood levels of cortisol and glucose. 24 male guinea pigs were divided into 4 groups [6 animals in each group]. Three groups were injected peroxynitrite and the last group, control group, given physiological salt solution in the paw subcutaneously. Following induction of a local inflammatory response, flunixin meglumine and ketoprofen [0.5 mg/0.5 ml] were injected to second and third groups, 5 times with 12h intervals. First and fourth groups were injected saline solution with the same manner. Animals were anesthetized with thiopental [60 mg/kg, i.p.] and a blood sample was collected by heart puncture. The glucose and cortisol levels of blood were determined by routine laboratory techniques. Blood glucose concentration in the animals that only injected peroxynitrite was less than the control group. In addition, groups which were given drugs had statistically higher levels of glucose in their blood more than the others. Although, cortisol levels were lower in the test groups compared to the control group, these differences were not significant statistically. The results of current study showed that both peroxinitrite and NSAIDs decreasethe cortisol levels of blood. These findings can be a possible explanation for the lower levels of cortisol in the blood of patient who receive nitro glisirin as well as osteoarthritis patients that mainly take NSAIDs. In the study, the glucose levels of blood in animals given drugs were more than the control groups

Drogas conocidas en nuevas formas farmacéuticas: ketoprofeno inyectable / Known drugs in new pharmaceutical form: ketoprofen injectable

Las drogas antiinflamatorias no esteroideas disminuyen el dolor postoperatorio y el requerimiento de opioides. El ketoprofeno administrado por vía intravenosa en infusión lenta, por 10 a 15 minutos, disminuye el dolor en 5 a 30 minutos. La analgesia máxima se logra en 60 a 120 minutos y dura apróximadamente 240 a 360 minutos. La nueva forma farmacéutica del ketoprofeno es un fármaco adecuado para la analgesia postoperatoria.

Opçöes para a utilizaçåo dos antiinflamatórios nåo-esteróides no manejo da psoríase artropática / The management of arthropatic psoriasis with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory

Os antiinflamatórios nåo-esteróides såo fármacos nåo-esteroidais que inibem a via da ciclooxigenase no metabolismo do ácido aracdônio, suprimindo a síntese das prostaglandinas. Algumas destas drogas exacerbam as lesöes cutâneas da psoríase (indometacina, ácido acetilsalicílico). Outros antiinflamatórios nåo-esteróides apresentam uma boa açåo farmacológica sem exacerbarem o quadro dermatológico da moléstia (naproxeno, ibuprofeno e fenilbutazona). Estas drogas proporcionaråo novas opçöes na terapêutica da psoríase artropática. Os autores relatam sua experiência no manejo da psoríase artropática com os antiinflamatórios nåo-esteróides